Electric motor.



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I www@ w v f Patented Oct. 30, 191?.

A. C. SARGENT.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 19m.

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ALSON C. SARGENT,

OF DES MOINES, EOWA, ASSIGNR TO SARGENT ELECTRICAL BRAKE COMPANY, OF DESMOINES, IOWA.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

l Specification of Letters Patent., l Pantedct.. 30, 1917.

Application led March 6, 1916. Serial No. 82,463.

substantially in the vsame plane, and having a brush, the switch-havingsegments, thek parts being so arranged' that the motor is energized formovement depending upon the 4movement of the brush of the switch withrelation to the segments.

rA further object is 'to provide such a switch and brush with means formounting the same in a' convenient manner upon any suitable support,such `for instance, as the steering post of an automobile, the lpartsbeing so yarranged as to secure proper contactsV regardless of vibration.of the sup.

ort.

A further object is to make-such a device so arranged as4 to bepeculiarly ada ted for mounting it on a motor vehicle, wit means `foractuating a brush accessible to the driver of a machine.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combinationof the various parts of the device2 whereby the objects c ontemplatedare attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, ointed out inmyclaims and illustrated int e accompanying drawings, in which: y,

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a motor 'with the casing removed.

l brush and a part of the switch.

-ed on a steering post.

FigQQ shows a plan view of the switch.

Fig.\3 shows aside elevation of the switch illustrating the constructionof the brush and the manner in which the sameis mountlFig. 4 shows afront elevation of the Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of the motorillustratlng the mechanism for'ap lying the motor to one particular use,name y, the

controlling of the brake.

Fig. 6 shows an enlarged detail View,

partlyy in section of the motor and'part of the mechanism shown in Fig.5.

Fig. 7 shows a detail, sectional view of y part of the mechanism showninvFigs. 5 and 6, and y I i Fig. 8 shows a detail, plan view of anothermechanism for connecting the motor with`v the brake rod. V

In the accompanying drawings, 'I have used the reference numeral 10 toindicate a motor casing having arr movable member 11. Extended throughthe casing is a. motor shaft 12, on which is mounted adoubleendedarmature 13.

Arranged in a circle outside the path of travel of the armature andwithin the casing 10 are ay plurality of field cores 27 to 36 inclusive.Any suitable number of field cores may be fused, ten being shown in theillustration.

The coresl are provided at their innerends with portions 14,havingelongated faces adjacent to the armature, so thatroo'm is leftbetweenthe bodies of the cores for the wiring hereinafter mentioned andat the same time the inner faces of the cores project closer togetherthan the bodies of the cores. The advantage of such av construction liespartly in. the convenience in winding, and

the retention of air spaces or air insulation between the cores. Thereyis another advantage which will be hereinafter referred to. The ends ofthe armature 13 are elongated as shown in Fig. 1, so that each end islong enough to stand adjacent to and overlap the inner ends of twoIadjacent field cores, as

also illustrated in said figure. f

Itwill be noted that" the ends of the armature are formed withcomparatively sharp edges 13a for a `purpose which will be hereinafterreferred to. The cores are providedwith separate wirings 15.

It is my purpose to provide a special form of switch especiallyadaptedfor controlling the motor and also to be mounted on a suit- Iable support, such for instance, as the steering post of a motor vehiclewithin a steering post sleeve 18. The post 17 is hollow and receivedtherein is a shaft 19, having at the up er enda suitable hansov I InFig. 3, I have shown a steering wheel '16 supported by a steering post17 mounted le 20, whereby the s aft 19 maybe rotated.

@n the support 21 is a switch segment,

22, preferably made in a single piece, and preferably comprising a stripforming the are of a clrcle, of Suitable conducting material.

.Spaced from the switch segment 22 is a plurality or' contact segments23, otsubstantially the same size, preferably arranged in a row in anarc of a circle, as shown in Fig. 2.

Suitably located is a source of electrical energy 24 connected by a wire25 with the switch segments. A wire 26 connects the source of energy 24with the wiring of the cores 27 to 31 inclusive. The other end of thewiring of each of the cores mentioned, is connected with the wiring ofthe fth removed core.

- In Fig. 2, I have shown in diagrammatic form the wiring of the coresand have numbercd the cores 27 to 36 inclusive, consecutively around themotor. Thus in further explanation of the wiring it may be said that thewiring of each of the cores 27 to 36 inclusive is connected with thesource of energy 24, and the opposite end of the wiring of each of saidcores is connected with the wiring of the fifth removed core, the wiringof the core 27 being connected with the wiring of the core 32, thewiring of the core 28 being connected with the wiring of the core 33,and so on. It will thus be seen that the wiring of each core is soconnected with the wiring of the opposite core that the cores areconnected in opposite pairs and the members of each pair are wired tomake them of opposite polarity. The other ends of the wiring of thecores 27 to 31 inclusive are connected with the segments 23, as follows:

The first segment 23, at the lower' righthand side of the view shown inFig. 2 is dead. The segment 22 is cut away at its lower vright-hand end,as shown in Fig. 2, opposite the irst segment 23. The next two segmentsbeing the second and third Segments, are connected by a wire 37 with thewinding of the core 36, as shown in Fig. 2. The wire 37 is alsoconnected. with the eighth segment, the thirteenth segment, theeighteenth segment, and so on. The wiring of the core 35 is connected bya wire 38 with the fourth segment, the ninth segment, the fourteenthsegment, and so on. The wiring of the core 34 is connected by a wire 39with the fifth segment, the tenth segment, the fifteenth segment, and soon. The wiring of the core 33 is connected by a wire 40 with the sixthsegment, the eleventh segment, the sixteenth segment, and so on. Thewiring from the core 32 .iS connecwd by -i wire l with Jche seventhsegment, the twelfth segment, the seventeenth segment, and so on.

Fixed on the shaft 19 is a laterally extending arm 42, 'to the outer endot which is pivoted a brush holder arm 43.

Pivotally secured to the outer end 01' the brush holder arm 43 is ablock or' insulating material 44. Secured to the under suri'ace ot theblock` 4-1 is a brush 45 having at one end a downward extension 46adapted to engage and travel on the segment 22. TPivo'ted to the otherend or" the brush 45 is a brush member 47, which is long enough in theproper directions to extend across two of the segments 23 and theinsulation between them. IThe outer end of the arm 43 is held in properposition for holding the brush in contact with the segment 22 and theadjacent segments 23 by means of a spring 48 secured to the arm 42 andhaving a. portion arranged to exert yieldin downward pressure on the arm43, as s own in Fig. 3.

rlhe segment 22 terminates at one end at such a point that when thebrush member 47 is in contact with the first and second segments 23, the4brush member 46 does not contact with the segment 22.

When, however` the handle 20 is moved for rotating the shaft 19, forthereby moving the arms 42 and 43 in the direction indicated by thearrow in Fig. 2, until the brush member 47 reaches and contacts with thesecond and third segments, 23, then the extension 46 on the brushcontacts with the segment 22. A current will be established through thesegments 23, the Wire 37 the wiring of the core 36, the wiring of thecore 31, the wire 26, the source of energy 24,

the wire 25, the segment 22, and the brush.'

There will be, however, no tendency to move the armature 13, the ends ofwhich will then the opposite the cores 36 to 31.

A magnetic field will be established through the core 36, the inner endof which is north and through the core 31, the inner end of which issouth. At the outer end of the core 31 the magnetic field, as it were,divides and travels around thecasing 10. as shown in Fig. 1, clockwiseto 36. The other portion of the magnetic field' travels anticlockwisethrough 'the casing 10 to the core 36.

When the brushes move a little farther, until the member 47 reaches theposition in contact with the fourth segments 23, then die windings ofthe cores 36 and 35, and the windings of the cores 31 and 30 will beincluded in the circuit, and a magnetic field will be establishedthrough the cores 36 and 35, and through one end of the armature andthrough a portion of the outer casing,

and another magneticy field .will be estab` lished through thecores 31and 3Q, and through the opposite endvof the armature, and anotherportion ofthe casing 10, the armature being moved from its position justabove menti0ned,tb position where one end is opposite the cores 35 and36, andthe Y other end is opposite the cores 31 and 30.`

- When the brush is ,moved the/width of another segment 23, amagneticeield will be established through the cores 35 and 34 andanother magnetic el'd through the cores 30 and '29, thereby moving thearmature onetenth Aof a revolution. It will, of course, be

understoodthat themagnetic field includes the ends of the armature andthe portions of the casing in each instance.v L

y lution. v f

, It. will be seen that the possible numberv The movement of the brushis controlled by the handle 20 as desired, and when the brush reachesposition in, contact with the thirteenth `and fourteenth segments 23,the armature will have completed a full .revoof vrevolutions ,of thearmature in one direction before reversing its direction of movement islimited only by the number of segments 23.

` It will be noted thatlthere are times when X theends ofthe armatureare lopposite three cores, because the brush contacts with threesegments 23,- lFor instance, the ends of the armature may be oppositethe cores 35, 36

and 34, and opposite the cores 31, and 29Hl in: which case a magneticfield will be es/ tablished through the cores and 36, another magneticfield through the cores 31 and 30;

another magnetic eld will be'established through the cores 34fand 35 andanother magnetic eld through the cores 30 and 29. This is an advantagein that it tends toV give a more accurate and steady control ofthearmature.

When the handle 2 0 is moved foi-returning the arms 43 and 42 to theiroriginal positions, it will readily be'seen that the direction of therotation of the armature is reversed. When the brush reaches itsposition near the limit of its return movement where 'it contacts withthe second and third segments 23,

it will be noted that after those segments haye' beegcnnected -togetherthere/is what might be called a magnetic field oflonger duration forstopping andv` holding the armature, and preventing its movement pastproper position by reason of its momentumy acquired throu h the returnmovement of the brush. lSu stantially the same result might beaccomplished by using` a segment of such -length as to occupy, forinstance, the space vof ythe second and third segments shown. K It willbe' noted that when the revturn movement is completed, the current is.

broken, soY that there is no waste of electrical energy when the devicenot in use.

` or the like. '70

In Fig. 8, I have shown a slightly modified form of said mechanism. Inthis connection it may be stated that there are a great variety of usesto which a motor of this kind may be put, and the mechanisms herein 75Ashown are simply for the purposes of illus# trating such ufses.

In Figs.v 5, 6, and I have show-n on the motor shaft 12, outside the.casing 10, a beveled gear 50. Y

Suitablyfmounted on 1the 'frame 51 of a motor *vehicle is a bracket 52which supports the motorcasing and also supports a cylindrical'casing53.

Received within the casing l53'is a sleeve g5 54, on. which is securedat onefend of the casing 53 a beveled gear 55 in mesh with the gear 50.The 'sleeve 54 is internally"screwk threaded. Extended4 through the gear55 l and received within the sleeve 54 is a screwv'90 threadedshaft 56.On the sleeve 54 on the end thereofopposite the` gear 55, is a collar57a. The collar 57 aand thev gear 55 .prevent lengthwise movement of thesleeve 54 inl the sleeve or casing 53. y

Suitably mounted upon the frame 51 isa short rock shaft 57 to which isfixed a down- 1 wardly extending arm 58'.

Pivoted to the lower end of the arm '58 is asleeve 59, which slidablyreceives one en d of a rfod 60. The other end of the rod 60 is pvoted tothe shaft 56. rIherod 60 has an enlarged portonl adjacent to the shaft56. Mounted on the rod 60 between the sleeve 59 and the enlargedlportion 61 of said rod 105 is a `coil spring 62 yeldingly tendingf` to:force thelsleeve 59 away from the enlarged portion 61.A

. The'sleevc" 59 1s yprovided with an elon-V gated slot in which travelsapin 64 whichvv 110 extends outwardly from the rod 69, whereby theremovahoftherod 60 from the sleeve I59 is preventedf l j Fixed td therock shaft vv57 is an arm 65 to :which is pivoted a brake-rod 66 forcontrolling a band brake 67 4 Secured to! the .frame65 and the arm 51,isa spring 68`tending to act on the parts the sleeve 54, thereby movingthe arm 58 and 13 have provided a worm 70 on the motor shaft as theoperator may wish. By manipulation of the handle 20, in the oppositedirection, the brake may be released as rapidly or as slowly as may bedesired. l

ln iF ig. 8, l have shown the brake-rod 66, the rock shaft 57, the arms58- and 65, the parts GO, the sleeve '59, and the parts connectedtherewith which are similar to those already described. f I

ln the form shown in llig. 8, however, l

in mesh with aworm gear 71 on the stub shaft 7 2.

Pivoted off center on the worm gear 71 is a pitman rod 7 3 pivotallyconnected with the rodl 60.

The operation of the mechanism shown in F i g. 8 is substantiallythesame as that shown in Fig. 6. A'

My improved .motor has a large number of advantages some of which willnow be referred to.. l

Attention isfcalled in the first place to the use of the soft ironarmature 13, employed without any windings.

lt is well known that the cost vf wiring the armature in ordinary motorsconstitutes a very large part of the costof wiring the motor, and by theconstruction herein shown l have been enabled to materially reducethefexpense of wiring the motor.

The form of the armature is believed to be novel and of importance,particularly in the arrangement of the elongated ends which are ofsuiicient length to overlap two cores and are arranged withcomparatively sharp edges. It will be noted that the body 'of theunwound armature comprises a compar- `atively thin oar or shank witheach end terminatingin a head of substantially the shape shown in Fig.l, laterally elongated and having sharp side edges 13a, said heads beinginclined from such edges inwardly in the motor to said shank and beingsubstantially triangular `in cross section.

The construction with the comparatively sharp edges, in connection withthe construction of the ends 14 of the cores which also havecomparatively Shar edges reduces to a minimum the leakage o themagnetism between the' armature 'and the adjacent cores not energized.

This construction of the ends of the armature and the inner ends of thecore is also such as to tend to cause the lines of greatest haagse@magnetic torce' to travel through the central parts of the coresarmature ends. iy `the construction here shown intensify the magneticiniluence of the ields over the armature hy centralizing the magneticflux in the body of the armature. By means of the form of head shownprovide paths tor the iow of magnetism in as nearly straight lines aspossible, which is obviously advantageous, at the same 'time drawing thelines of magnetic force to a common path for centralizing the magneticinfluence of the 'fields over the armature lfor the purpose of obtaininga much quicker and more positive action of the armature.

Attention is called to the advantage of the situation of wiring, wherebyeach connected pair of fields is connected with the segments 23 by asingle lead wire with short branches whereby the amount of wiring isreduced to a minimum.

Another advantage of construction is found in the arrangement of thevshaft 19, the handle 2() and the arms 42 and 43, whereby the device ispeculiarly adapted for use on a motor vehicle steering post.`

Another advantage is .found in the construction vof the brush, wherebythe brush supporting arm-48 is yieldingly held in contact with thesegments 22 and 23 and of the member 47 pivotally mounted on the brush,'to make it possible to preserve such contact regardless of anyvibration of the motor vehicle.

rlhe construction herein shown ermits accurate and absolute control at al' times of the speed of the armature and the extent of movementthereof.

By means of a single lever, l am able to control the speed, the extentof motion and the direction of motion of the armature, it

being possible by movement of' the lever in one direction and bycontrolling the speed of movement of the lever to control the directionof movement and the speed of movement of the armature, and by reversingthe movement of the lever reverse the motion of l lt will be seen that Ihave obviated thel necessity for a second switchby using the controllinglever for reversing the movement of the armature.

With such a mechanism as herein shown,

it is possible, in the illustrative use herein described, to accuratelycontrol the speedv andthe force of the `a plicatin of the brake and thespeed and orce of the release armature, in an ordinary motor having aplurality of stationary brushes, it is necessary to make the armature ofthe laminated type to break up the eddy currents. With my unwoundarmature, the creation of eddy currents is not so great and hence I usethe single piece armaturepreferably cast en bloc, which greatly reducesthe expense of building the motor.

I realize that changes may be made in the construction and arrangementof the parts of my improved motor without departing from its essentialfeatures and purposes, and it is my intentionto cover by thisapplication and the patent to be issued thereon any such changes whichmay be included within v the scope of my claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a device of the claw described, the combination of a vehicle framewith a switch thereon comprising a contact strip, a plurality of contactsegments arranged in a line substantially parallel .with said strip, abrush, means for yieldingly adjustably holding said brush in contactwith said strip and segments, comprising amovable arm pivoted to swingon said frame, an arm member pivotally mounted thereon, a yieldingdevice on said arm for engaging said arm member, a brush pivotallysupported on .said arm member, having a portion to contact with saidstrip, and a' pivoted member to contact with said segments, whereby acombined triple pivotal brush and brush member support is afforded 2. Ina device of the class described, a switch comprising a contact strip, aplurality of contact segments arranged in a line substantially parallelwith said strip, anl

arm pivotally mounted to swing in a plane parallel with and spaced fromthe plane in which said switch lies, a pivoted member on said arm,having its free end adapted to swing toward and away from said switchcontact members, a brush mounted on the free end of said pivoted member,said brush having a member adapted to contact with said strip, andhaving a member pivoted to swing in a plane substantially atright-angles to the plane in which said pivoted arm member swings, andadapted to engage said segments.'

3. In a device of the class described, a switch comprising a contactstrip, a plurality of contact segments arranged in ay line substantiallyparallel with said strip, an arm pivotally mounted to swing in a planeparallel with and spaced from the plane in said segments, and means foryieldingly` pressing` the opposite end of the pivoted member on said armtoward said switch.

I 4. In a device of the class described, a switch comprising a contactstrip, a plurality of contact segments arranged in a line substantiallyparallel with said stri a brush supporting arm adapted to be yieldablypressed toward said switch, a brush pivotally supported on said arm,having a member designed to contact with said strip, and having a memberpivotally mounted to swing in a plane at right-angles to the plane in'which the brush supportmg arm has its yielding movement, adapted toengage said segments.

:Des Moines, Iowa, February 29, 1916.

ALSON C. SARGENT.

